The Integumentary System
The Integumentary System consists of the skin, hair, nails, and glands that surround the body. The skin is the largest organ and the most exposed. The integumentary system is the body's first line of defense against bacteria, and helps regulate temperature, and much more.
Functions:
Functions:
- Temperature regulation
- Protection against mechanical damage, chemical damage, and bacterial damage
- Protects against desiccation
- Protects against UV damage
- Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid
- Synthesizes vitamin D
Structure of the skin cell
The skin is composed of two types of tissue: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is made that is made of squamous epithelium cells that can keratinize, or become hard or tough. The epidermis protects the underlying layers. The dermis is made of dense connective tissue. Underneath the skin is the hypodermis, where the adipose tissue is stored.
The skin is composed of two types of tissue: the epidermis and the dermis. The epidermis is made that is made of squamous epithelium cells that can keratinize, or become hard or tough. The epidermis protects the underlying layers. The dermis is made of dense connective tissue. Underneath the skin is the hypodermis, where the adipose tissue is stored.
Important skin words
- melanocytes-cells that produce melanin, the pigment that gives skin its color
- dermis-a strong, stretchy, envelope that helps bind the body together
- subcutaneous tissue- the last layer of the skin: It is composed mostly of adipose tissue and large blood vessel. It acts as insulation for the body
- hair-protein filaments that cover the body: composed of a hair follicle, a root, and a hair shaft
- apocrine sweat glands-sweat glands that are located in the armpits and genital areas of the body that secrete a milky or yellowish substance that contains fatty acids and proteins
- eccrine sweat glands- sweat glands that produce a clear secretion called sweat that is primarily
The Muscular System
The Muscular System is composed of three different types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. The main function of the muscular system is to contract, or shorten. By doing this, the muscles allow our bodies to move and function, pump blood, and digest.
Functions
The Muscular System is composed of three different types of muscle: skeletal, smooth, and cardiac. The main function of the muscular system is to contract, or shorten. By doing this, the muscles allow our bodies to move and function, pump blood, and digest.
Functions
- Producing movement
- Maintaining body position
- Maintaining posture
- Stabilizing joints
- Generating heat
Structure of the muscles
Muscles are made of three different types of muscles cells. The muscle fibers in these cells allow muscles to contract. This happens though a series of actions that start with a nerve sending an impulse through the muscle and ends with the fibers of the muscles sliding together, shortening the muscle. The video below has a more detailed description. The three different muscle cells are used in different parts of the body for different reasons. Here are the different types of muscle cells.
Muscles are made of three different types of muscles cells. The muscle fibers in these cells allow muscles to contract. This happens though a series of actions that start with a nerve sending an impulse through the muscle and ends with the fibers of the muscles sliding together, shortening the muscle. The video below has a more detailed description. The three different muscle cells are used in different parts of the body for different reasons. Here are the different types of muscle cells.
Types of Muscle
The Skeletal system
The skeletal system is the system that allows for motion, blood production, and body protection. The skeletal system is made of bones, ligaments, joints, and cartilage. The skeleton gives our body its shape. Without the skeletal system, we wouldn't be able to move or support our own bodies.
Functions
The skeletal system is the system that allows for motion, blood production, and body protection. The skeletal system is made of bones, ligaments, joints, and cartilage. The skeleton gives our body its shape. Without the skeletal system, we wouldn't be able to move or support our own bodies.
Functions
- Support
- Protection
- Movement
- Storage of minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and fat
- Blood cell formation
Structure of the bones
There are five types of bone; long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid (look to the slideshow for pictures). They all have similar layouts, but long bones are what we generally think of as bones. Here is a diagram of the long bone
There are five types of bone; long, short, flat, irregular, and sesamoid (look to the slideshow for pictures). They all have similar layouts, but long bones are what we generally think of as bones. Here is a diagram of the long bone
Here is a diagram of a long bone:
- epiphyses- the ends of the long bone. Each epiphyses has a layer of compact bone enclosing an area filled with spongy bone
- articular cartilage- glassy hyaline cartilage with a smooth surface that reduces friction
- epiphyseal line-a thin line of bony tissue spanning the epiphysis that is a remnant of the epiphyseal plate in young growing bones
- spongy bone- a type of bone that is composed of small needlelike pieces of bone and lots of open space.
- diaphysis-the shaft of the long bone that is made of compact bone
- periosteum- the fibrous connective tissue that covers the diaphysis
- medullary cavity(yellow marrow)- the inner bony surface of the diaphysis that is the primary storage for adipose (fat) tissue
- endosteum-a delicate connective tissue that covers the medullary cavity
- nutrient foramen- an opening through the bone that is used for blood vessels
Other important skeleton words
- joints- where two or more bones meet. There are many different types (refer to the slideshow)
- ligaments- tissue that stabilizes joints
- ossification- the process that turns hyaline cartilage into bone
Integumentary picture-
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/theintegumentarysystem-130515100247-phpapp02/95/slide-1-638.jpg
http://authorstream.s3.amazonaws.com/content/1141076_634485076446571250.jpg http://www.indiavision.com/news/images/articles/2012_06/313717/u8_Skin-cells.jpg
http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Skin-cell-21.jpg
http://www.uchospitals.edu/online-library/content=CDR258037
Integumentary video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKAzVC0WcmI
Muscle pictures.
Skeletal muscle picture-http://meded.ucsd.edu/hist-img-bank/chapter_3/Slides_42_and_40_skeletal/images/c.2.40.1.2.jpg
Cardiac muscle http://c85c7a.medialib.glogster.com/media/0a/0ad2bc66b34f979d10e3e6eeb9fa48208b5cf6f45b
e04b53710bd4edab7fef26/cardiac-muscle-cell.jpg
Smooth muscle cells-http://scrublife.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/smooth-muscle.gif
Crash Course video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqy0i1KXUO4
Skeletal system -http://www.docslide.com/assets/images/large/2012/03/133999-the-skeletal-system-p1.gif
http://withfriendship.com/images/b/6381/long-bones.jpg
http://www.walgreens.com/adamHtml/bodyguides/reftext/images/Axial_AppendicularSkel.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BKoBKlXdlzU/TT45xnEFlZI/AAAAAAAAA8k/9lEc2jep_dQ/s1600/
Skeletal_System.gif
http://regopestudies.wikispaces.com/file/view/types_of_bones--0.jpg/103239101/types_of_ bones--0.jpg
http://hoylescience.pbworks.com/f/1304941177/image007.jpg
Crash Course video-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RW46rQKWa-g
http://image.slidesharecdn.com/theintegumentarysystem-130515100247-phpapp02/95/slide-1-638.jpg
http://authorstream.s3.amazonaws.com/content/1141076_634485076446571250.jpg http://www.indiavision.com/news/images/articles/2012_06/313717/u8_Skin-cells.jpg
http://medicalpicturesinfo.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/09/Skin-cell-21.jpg
http://www.uchospitals.edu/online-library/content=CDR258037
Integumentary video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKAzVC0WcmI
Muscle pictures.
Skeletal muscle picture-http://meded.ucsd.edu/hist-img-bank/chapter_3/Slides_42_and_40_skeletal/images/c.2.40.1.2.jpg
Cardiac muscle http://c85c7a.medialib.glogster.com/media/0a/0ad2bc66b34f979d10e3e6eeb9fa48208b5cf6f45b
e04b53710bd4edab7fef26/cardiac-muscle-cell.jpg
Smooth muscle cells-http://scrublife.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/smooth-muscle.gif
Crash Course video- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqy0i1KXUO4
Skeletal system -http://www.docslide.com/assets/images/large/2012/03/133999-the-skeletal-system-p1.gif
http://withfriendship.com/images/b/6381/long-bones.jpg
http://www.walgreens.com/adamHtml/bodyguides/reftext/images/Axial_AppendicularSkel.jpg
http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_BKoBKlXdlzU/TT45xnEFlZI/AAAAAAAAA8k/9lEc2jep_dQ/s1600/
Skeletal_System.gif
http://regopestudies.wikispaces.com/file/view/types_of_bones--0.jpg/103239101/types_of_ bones--0.jpg
http://hoylescience.pbworks.com/f/1304941177/image007.jpg
Crash Course video-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RW46rQKWa-g